A colposcopy is a procedure done in the office to evaluate an abnormal pap smear and check for underlying precancerous cells. A speculum is inserted into the vagina and the cervix is looked at under a microscope to check for abnormal areas. A vinegar solution is put on to the cervix and in the vagina to help the provider identify any areas of concern. If the tissues look abnormal, a small biopsy will be taken and sent to the lab for further review.